The Blackfeet Indian Reservation was established by the Treaty of 1855. The reservation is part of what was once a much larger land base for the Tribe extending southward along the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains to the Yellowstone River and northward to the North Saskatchewan River in Canada.

The present reservation encompasses approximately 1.5 million acres (2,400.56 square miles) in northwestern Montana and is situated in Glacier and Pondera counties. The reservation boundaries are: Canada to the north, Lewis and Clark National Forest to the south, Glacier National Park to the west, and Toole County to the east.

The major reservation communities are: Browning, Heart Butte, Starr School, East Glacier, Blackfoot, Seville, St. Mary, and Babb.

The Blackfeet Tribe has its headquarters in Browning, Montana and is governed by the elected Tribal Business Council consisting of nine members. The chairman of the Blackfeet Trib al Business Council serves as the chief executive officer. Tribal elections are held every two years, with a recent incorporation of staggered four-year terms.

The Blackfeet Nation, in its relationship with the federal government as a "domestic sovereign" Indian nation, is recognized as a nation within a nation through treaties, agreements, laws and executive orders.

The Blackfeet Tribe manages a wide variety of agencies and program for its members and residents and serves as the fiscal agent entrusted with managing grants, royalty income, contracts, and other financial obligations.